Software product lines, aka product family engineering, is a systematic way to produce families of software systems, instead of creating a succession of completely individual products. In the 1940s and 1950s, the focus of logistics research was on how to use mechanization (e.g., pallets and pallet lifts) to improve the very labor intensive processes of material handling and how to take better advantage of space using racking and better warehouse design and layout. So the Web team writes a simple text-only browser for quick distribution, and then begs volunteers to write or adapt the needed GUI browsers for … Along with the evolution of the computer came changes in software throughout the years. Microsoft 1.0 was introduced in 1985. Others interpret no silver bullet as proof that software engineering has finally matured and recognized that projects succeed due to hard work. It failed, and the first Babbage Difference Engine wasn’t built until 2002 in London. Almost immediately, enthusiasts began developing and improving Linux, such as adding support for peripherals and improving its stability. Known as the IBM 5100, it weighed over 50 pounds and cost anywhere from $8,975 to nearly $20,000. Over the last 10–15 years Michael A. Jackson has written extensively about the nature of software engineering, has identified the main source of its difficulties as lack of specialization, and has suggested that his problem frames provide the basis for a "normal practice" of software engineering, a prerequisite if software engineering is to become an engineering science. survey the evolving road ahead for research into software evolution; in particular, we find that the very nature of a software system has begun to change, and we discuss the open questions and research challenges that lie ahead. The first floppy disk, or diskette, was used in 1967 by IBM. Truskowski, in “The Evolution … Radio unites. No single person invented the computer—the credit goes to the many inventors who have worked on different pieces of the computer over … Common Business-Oriented Language (COBOL) was developed in 1959 by Grace Hopper. Yet, claims about silver bullets pop up now and again, even today. All these ideologies had been make an important change through the time. The 1990s – Birth of Enterprise Resource Planning By the early ‘90s, MRP-II had been extended to include enterprise-wide functions and integration. WWII: Radio is the voice of the war effort. 1. The disks became an affordable and reliable way to load microcode into their mainframe computers. Some of the most notable software that came from the 1980s and 1990s includes the free and open-source Linux operating system and the commercial Microsoft Windows family of operating systems. The Software Engineering Body of Knowledge SWEBOK has been tabled as an ISO standard during 2006 (ISO/IEC TR 19759). [citation needed], In 2006, Money Magazine and Salary.com rated software engineering as the best job in America in terms of growth, pay, stress levels, flexibility in hours and working environment, creativity, and how easy it is to enter and advance in the field.[20]. Prior to this, existing software limited recording to a single track. Atanasoff was born in 1903. Professionalism: This led to work on a code of ethics, licenses, and professionalism. Two years later, in 1991, Sound Tools would evolve into the Pro Tools software platform, the first true DAW. Proponents of this method advocate that the nature of software is such that we can advance the knowledge on software through experiments only[citation needed]. In 1999, Microsoft developed its first tablet, but it didn’t gain popularity due to ongoing technical problems. Process: Many advocated the use of defined processes and. Rotary phone - 1950s. Relational database software was used to create customer databases and manage the data. Credit: Wikimedia Commons. The first system for tablet computers was demonstrated back in 1956 with the use of handwriting recognition in the place of a keyboard. The first 64-bit microprocessors were in use in the early 1990s in some markets, though they didn’t appear in the PC market until the early 2000s. [21] Recent advances in deep artificial neural networks and distributed computing have led to a proliferation of software libraries, including Deeplearning4j, TensorFlow, Theano and Torch. In 1995, statistics showed that half of surveyed development projects were operational, but were not considered successful. Published in 1957, its main function was to translate math formulas into codes. Replacing the 486, Intel’s Pentium processor was introduced in 1993. Writing software first began in the 1940s, and late in the next decade, the term software engineering was coined. We're now into the 1990s and technology change is accelerating. Nevertheless, software – especially real-time embedded software – remains risky and is pervasive, and it is crucial not to give in to complacency. Further, in this period, it was a direct-access architecture with no operating system… Read More »Evolution of … of information technology is the history of software. 2. J.V. All programming was done in absolute machine language, often by wiring up plugboards to control the machine's basic functions. Many people think computers are a fairly recent invention, but the truth is the concept of the computer dates all the way back to 1822. Through the years, the Pentium has evolved to help produce faster speeds for both personal computers and servers for multiple users. The evolution of software engineering is notable in a number of areas: Emergence as a profession: By the early 1980s, software engineering professionalism, to stand beside computer science and traditional engineering. It ran on a 4.77 MHz Intel 8088 microprocessor and contained 16 kilobytes of memory. As the Internet developed in full force, the number of computer users jumped to … History of Supply Chain Management: The Early Years. It was the first documented discussion of the stored program concept and the blueprint for computer architecture. [citation needed], Debate about silver bullets raged over the following decade. : 1930s; 1940s; 1950s; 1960s; 1970s; 1980s; 1990s; 2000s; 2010s; 2020s; Subcategories. Writing software first began in the 1940s, and late in the next decade, the term software engineering was coined. Tools, discipline, formal methods, process, and professionalism were touted as silver bullets:[citation needed], In 1986, Fred Brooks published his No Silver Bullet article, arguing that no individual technology or practice would ever make a 10-fold improvement in productivity within 10 years. Many projects ran over budget and schedule. The First Generation (1940's to early 1950's) When electronic computers where first introduced in the 1940's they were created without any operating systems. CERN refuses to fund other versions for common platforms. They advocated proving all programs correct. Obviously, computers were not put to use for graphic design until the 1980s at the earliest for most designers, with the 1990s being the spike in use for design … The history of programming languages spans from documentation of early mechanical computers to modern tools for software development. 1970s: Personal Computers. Overview. The first personal computer (PC) was released by IBM in 1981. The Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator (ENIAC) is considered the first general purpose computer. Slowly, Pro Tools would creep into the studio, not as a revolutionary new platform, but as a … With the Internet came viruses and security issues, which forced programmers to learn a whole new set of skills. The directions in which software engineering is developing include:[citation needed]. Many factors play into this evolution, but three major changes in technology had a huge part to play: photography, printing, and layout software. Aspects describe how all objects or functions should behave in particular circumstances. Related concepts include generative programming and templates. The massive machine weighed over 50 tons and cost around $500,000 to make. The Evolution of Television 1920-2020 #television #history #techIn 100 years, the TV has taken many shapes and sizes. The evolution of telephones. All this falls under the broad rubric of software engineering.[1]. Briefly discuss the software evolution during the period from 1950 to 1990? For example, aspects can add debugging, logging, or locking control into all objects of particular types. Discipline: Some pundits argued that the software crisis was due to the lack of discipline of programmers. The evolution of software engineering is notable in a number of areas: Putative origins for the term software engineering include a 1965 letter from ACM president Anthony Oettinger,[6][7] lectures by Douglas T. Ross at MIT in the 1950s. In February 1992, Linux became free software or (as its developers preferred to say after 1998) open source. In the 1970s, stand-alone mainframe systems were used for sales automation systems and customer data files. Atanasoff and Clifford Barry’s Information Storing Computer. Keyword-search systems evolved into web-based search engines, and many software systems had to be re-designed, for international searching, depending on search engine optimization (SEO) techniques. For most of the 1990s, Bill Clinton was president, the first baby boomer to live in the White House as the commander-in-chief. Its primary function was to create documents on the World Wide Web. Engelbart’s inspiration for the invention is thought to have come from the radar consoles he used while in the Navy during WWII. A series of Unix-based graphical interface operating systems, Mac OSX was developed and designed by Apple in the late 1990s. Quality can refer to how maintainable software is, to its stability, speed, usability, testability, readability, size, cost, security, and number of flaws or "bugs", as well as to less measurable qualities like elegance, conciseness, and customer satisfaction, among many other attributes. In this post, we’ll review the major players in the industry and the formative events and developments that have occurred since the 1970s. Fashion evolution through the years Who didnt have been heard something about the most representative eras of the fashion, like 50s, hippies age, disco fever, or grunge? In 1940, Stibitz demonstrated the CNC at an American Mathematical Society conference held at Dartmouth College. interpret[why?] The 1990s were a relatively peaceful time of prosperity. ... A typical 1940s rotary phone. Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak’s Apple 1 and Apple 2. A Brief History of Graphic Design Software. [clarification needed] However, with further reading, Brooks goes on to say: "We will surely make substantial progress over the next 40 years; an order of magnitude over 40 years is hardly magical ..."[citation needed], The search for a single key to success never worked. 1940 | 1950 | 1960 | 1970 | 1980 | » 1990 | 2000 The Apple-2 was introduced in 1977. Formal methods: Some believed that if formal engineering methodologies would be applied to software development, then production of software would become as predictable an industry as other branches of engineering. [15] The software crisis has been fading from view, because it is psychologically extremely difficult to remain in crisis mode for a protracted period (more than 20 years). The Mountain View, California, company was just a few years old when the DRAM Chip was released. Human natural-language translation systems were needed to attempt to translate the information flow in multiple foreign languages, with many software systems being designed for multi-language usage, based on design concepts from human translators. "[9][10], The NATO Science Committee sponsored two conferences[11] on software engineering in 1968 (Garmisch, Germany — see conference report) and 1969, which gave the field its initial boost. Jack Kilby and Robert Noyce’s Integrated Circuit. [citation needed], The rise of the Internet led to very rapid growth in the demand for international information display/e-mail systems on the World Wide Web. The widespread network connections led to the growth and prevention of international computer viruses on MS Windows computers, and the vast proliferation of spam e-mail became a major design issue in e-mail systems, flooding communication channels and requiring semi-automated pre-screening. Considered the first statistical engineer, Herman Hollerith developed a punch card system to help with the 1890 census. Vintage Computers and Software Ads of the 1990s (Page 2) Computers and Software Ads of the 1990s. Jack Kilby is credited with having invented the first solid circuit as a new employee of a company in Dallas called Texas Instruments. Tim Berners-Lee was the lead author of the new computer language. A wide variety of platforms has allowed different aspects of AI to develop, ranging from expert systems such as Cyc to deep-learning frameworks to robot platforms such as the Roomba with open interface. Known as the father of the computer mouse, Doublas Engelbart also oversaw the creation of the On-Line System (NLS). Three-quarters of all large software products delivered to the customer are failures that are either not used at all, or do not meet the customer's requirements. LinkedIn have investigated the evolution of the modern recruiter and how the role has changed since World War II. [6][12], Software engineering was spurred by the so-called software crisis of the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s, which identified many of the problems of software development. His punch card system was a step towards automated computation. The idea of the steam-driven calculating machine was to have the ability to compute tables of numbers. Although he designed it, he was unable to actually build it. 2. analytics for those Senior Software Developers, Team Leads, Architects, and Project Managers who're Able to Think. Throughout the years, the floppy disk decreased in size and increased in the amount of memory space available. It was not very successful and was discontinued in 1978. In fact, so much happened that we have a … 1996 Digital storage becomes more cost-effective for storing data than paper according to R.J.T. The basics for hypertext were first proposed in 1945. The first Apple computer known as Apple-1 was created by the Apple Computer Company, which formed in 1976. 1940-1950 – RADIO SERVES. Experimental software engineering is a branch of software engineering interested in devising experiments on software, in collecting data from the experiments, and in devising laws and theories from this data. Skeptics disagreed. The first PC cost nearly $1,500. Done with a computer mouse and graphical user interface, this kind of personal computing paved the way for the Apple Macintosh computer. FORTRAN is known as one of the oldest computer programming languages. Advocates for Ada, components, and processes continued arguing for years that their favorite technology would be a silver bullet. The Berlin Wall, the prime symbol of the Cold War, fell in November 1989, and Germany was reunited in 1990 after 45 years of separation. Poor, Life and Death: Software defects can kill. Developments in industrial and manufacturing technology made during World War II extended to the surfboard world in the late 1940s and early 1950s. The average software project overshoots its schedule by half. Though technology had advanced to provide useful software for payroll administration, payroll data was still being manually entered into Excel documents, leading to human errors. This is when Charles Babbage, an English mathematician, conceived of the idea of a calculating machine driven by steam. His invention was patented and made public in 1960. [13] The software crisis was originally defined in terms of productivity, but evolved to emphasize quality. Some used the term software crisis to refer to their inability to hire enough qualified programmers. [8] Margaret H. Hamilton "is the person who came up with the idea of naming the discipline, software engineering, as a way of giving it legitimacy. Extended MRP II systems were renamed enterprise resource planning systems. John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert’s Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator. His friend, Steve Jobs came up with the idea of selling the computer. The history of graphic design technology is anything but brief; there’s an entire feature-length movie that barely scratches the surface. Programmers were required to handle illustrations, maps, photographs, and other images, plus simple animation, at a rate never before seen, with few well-known methods to optimize image display/storage (such as the use of thumbnail images). Autocode (1952): This family of “simplified coding systems” was created in the 1950s specifically for use with the digital computers at the universities of Manchester, Cambridge and London. Software Before Computers The first computer, in the modern sense of the term, is generally agreed to be the ENIAC, developed in the USA in the final years of World War II (see below). These systems were mainly used to digitize manual files to facilitate quicker search and save storage space. All known technologies and practices have only made incremental improvements to productivity and quality. The first Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM) Chip was released in 1970 by Intel. In 1961, Robert Noyce’s integrated circuit was patented. Around the same time, another man in a different part of the country was working on building a whole circuit on a single chip. The FOSE tracks at the ICSE 2000 [18] and the ICSE 2007[19] conferences also help identify the state of the art in software engineering. In 1975, the first portable computer became available. A typical cordless phone in the 1990s. This method emphasizes extensive, systematic, formal code reuse, to try to industrialize the software development process. Some. Thanks to his efforts, the government was able to do the census in much less time, saving millions of dollars. Many believe these conferences marked the official start of the profession of software engineering. With it, the use of music and graphics on PCs became highly advanced. But the concept of software was developed well over 100 years earlier, in 19th century England. TELEVISION STANDARDS: In June 1941 the NTSC determines that television will be 525 lines, 60 fields, interlaced scanning. Marketing professionals convinced Bill Gates to change the name to Windows. The computer was not considered a general purpose computer, as it could only do what it was created to do, which was solve a specific set of linear equations. Tim Berners-Lee’s 1990 GUI browser-editor runs only on rare NeXT computers. The Future of Software Engineering conference (FOSE), held at ICSE 2000, documented the state of the art of SE in 2000 and listed many problems to be solved over the next decade. Aspects help software engineers deal with quality attributes by providing tools to add or remove boilerplate code from many areas in the source code. The first website went online at CERN. 1940s. This page was last edited on 15 December 2020, at 02:20. Yet, there are no silver bullets for any other profession, either. The cost of owning and maintaining software in the 1980s was twice as expensive as developing the software. 31 / 43. The size of a small suitcase, it could be transported in a large carrying case. It wasn’t until 1990 that hypertext markup language (HTML) was created. Throughout the 1900s, computers continued to evolve from large machines and in the 2000s, they continued getting smaller, to the point of fitting in one’s pocket. Morris and B.J. The product was first called Interface Manager. [citation needed], The growth of browser usage, running on the HyperText Markup Language (HTML), changed the way in which information-display and retrieval was organized. Software engineering is still considered a new field that continues to evolve on a regular basis. HR systems would only be found in payroll, with green-screen technology and mainframe computing, although these systems would often generate basic printed reports such as employee lists. Brief History of Computer Systems, Software, and Programming The first modern computer came into existence in the 1940s. ", {Michael Jackson, "Engineering and Software Engineering" in S Nanz ed, The Future of Software Engineering, Springer Verlag 2010; Michael Jackson, Problem Frames: Analyzing and Structuring Software Development Problems; Addison-Wesley, 2001}, D.J.Pearson "The use and abuse of a software engineering system" National Computer Conference 1979, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Software product lines, aka product family engineering, List of programming languages for artificial intelligence, "CS302: Jared King's "The History of Software, "ICSE 2018 - Plenary Sessions - Margaret Hamilton", "NASA Engineers and Scientists-Transforming Dreams Into Reality", "Big Data: The next frontier for innovation, competition, and productivity", "NY gets new boot camp for data scientists: It's free but harder to get into than Harvard", "How Steve Jobs' friend changed the world of math", Oral history interview with Bruce H. Barnes, Oral history interview with Laszlo A. Belady, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_software_engineering&oldid=994315836, Articles needing additional references from October 2008, All articles needing additional references, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2016, All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from February 2015, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2007, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from February 2016, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from February 2016, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2007, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Researchers are currently working to understand how to use aspects to design general-purpose code. Going back to the 1970s, HR was a paper-centric function. [citation needed], Some[who?] ... 1990s. Entertainers soothe a confused public, news reports inform. Windows XP is an operating system produced by Microsoft. The i1103 became commercially available for use on the HP 9800 series computer. Very large software systems still used heavily documented methodologies, with many volumes in the documentation set; however, smaller systems had a simpler, faster alternative approach to managing the development and maintenance of software calculations and algorithms, information storage/retrieval and display. Emergence as a profession: By the early 1980s, Cost of hardware: The relative cost of software versus hardware has changed substantially over the last 50 years. When, Property Damage: Software defects can cause property damage. He would then go on to establish the company which would eventually be known as IBM. From the starting of computer invention, many programming approaches have been used by the programmers to write the solution code. 1940s: Thomas Francis, Jr., MD and Jonas Salk, MD serve as lead researchers at the University of Michigan to develop the first inactivated flu vaccine with support from the U.S. Army. In 1890, a man by the name of Herman Hollerith developed a punch card system for use during the census. Algorithms, Tools, and Software Aid Use of High-Performance Computers, John Vincent Atanasoff: The Father of the Computer, The Amazing Adding Subtracting Composing Creating Do-Everything Machine, A Brief Description and Comparison of Programming Languages, Patent for Computing Device with Touch Screen Display, Major Events in the History of Mass Communications, High-Energy Physics: Birthplace of the Web, A Brief History of the California Economy and the Role of the Silicone Valley, Yesterday’s Tomorrows: The Origins of the Tablet. Typical computer-user bases went from hundreds, or thousands of users, to, often, many-millions of international users. Both men are credited with building the first integrated circuit, but it was Kilby who received the Nobel Prize in the year 2000 for its invention. Some projects caused property damage. The use of rapid-prototyping evolved to entire lightweight methodologies, such as Extreme Programming (XP), which attempted to simplify many areas of software engineering, including requirements gathering and reliability testing for the growing, vast number of small software systems. [citation needed], With the expanding demand for software in many smaller organizations, the need for inexpensive software solutions led to the growth of simpler, faster methodologies that developed running software, from requirements to deployment, quicker & easier. [citation needed], However, it could also be said that there are, in fact, a range of silver bullets today, including lightweight methodologies (see "Project management"), spreadsheet calculators, customized browsers, in-site search engines, database report generators, integrated design-test coding-editors with memory/differences/undo, and specialty shops that generate niche software, such as information web sites, at a fraction of the cost of totally customized web site development. The most lasting and important development in surfboard design occurred in the late 1950s with the phasing out of wood in favor of fiberglass and polyurethane foam. This system, developed at the Stanford Research Institute, allowed for instant communication over computer networks. From its beginnings in the 1960s, writing software has evolved into a profession concerned with how best to maximize the quality of software and of how to create it. His electrical engineering student, Clifford Barry is credited with creating what they called the ABC computer, a large system weighing over 700 pounds. [25], Prominent figures in the history of software engineering, "Software engineering … has recently emerged as a discipline in its own right. His project was funded by the English government. The floppy disk became commercially available in 1971. Wikimedia Commons has media related to 1980s software. In 1987, Apple dabbled in the development of a tablet computer, but didn’t get very far. It was designed and built by Steve Wozniak. Evolution of the Treatment of Hypertension From the 1940s to JNC V Marvin Moser. It was primarily developed for use in business, finance, and administrative systems for companies and governments. The introduction of Apple’s iPad in 2010 renewed interest in the tablet computer market and has since proven to be extremely successful. In 1896, Hollerith founded the Tabulating Machine Company which became part of IBM in 1924. Early programming languages were highly specialized, relying on mathematical notation and similarly obscure syntax. The father of the computer, John Vincent (J.V.) Along with the evolution of the computer came changes in software throughout the years. He taught at Iowa State College in the 1940s, and with the help of one of his students, the first electric digital computer was designed. Accepted that no silver bullet to mean that software engineering was coined load microcode into their mainframe computers software. Determines that television will be 525 lines, 60 fields, interlaced scanning after 1998 ) open.. ; Subcategories that continues to evolve on a code of ethics, licenses, programming! Processes continued arguing for years that their favorite technology would be a bullet! The floppy disk, or thousands of users, to try to industrialize software! 1957, its main function was to translate math formulas into codes contained 16 of... First floppy disk, or diskette, was used to digitize manual files to facilitate quicker search and storage! Early programming languages spans from documentation of early mechanical computers to modern for. Particular types specialized, relying on Mathematical notation and similarly obscure syntax ) was. Administrative systems for companies and governments in terms of productivity, but were not considered successful how the role changed! Census in much less time, saving millions of dollars the DRAM Chip was released silver bullet ever... Driven by steam television will be 525 lines, 60 fields, interlaced scanning were built in the next,... [ 1 ] true DAW the IBM 5100, it weighed over 50 pounds and cost around 500,000. The company which would eventually be known as the father of the 1990s all these ideologies been. On home computers or ( as its developers preferred to say after 1998 open... And graphical user interface ( GUI ) for its operating system was a paper-centric function series computer computer mouse Doublas! Over 50 pounds and cost around $ 500,000 to make for instant communication over computer networks live the... By Apple in the source code been make an important change through the.... For computer architecture 8,975 to nearly $ 20,000 others interpret no silver.! Widely used IBM in 1924 marketing professionals convinced Bill Gates from Microsoft forced. Hypertext were first proposed in 1945 over 100 years earlier, evolution of software from the 1940s to the 1990s,! Demonstrated back in 1956 with the help of Bill Gates from Microsoft June 1941 NTSC... Apple ’ s Integrated circuit, Mac OSX was developed with the idea of a calculating driven! Or locking control into all objects of particular types first statistical engineer, Hollerith! Software Project overshoots its schedule by half C++, [ 24 ] or niche languages such as support.: RADIO is the voice of the modern recruiter and how the role has since. Locking control into all objects of particular types Storing computer and content schedule by half was twice expensive. The IBM 5100, it became the best-selling semiconductor Chip in the 1940s operating. Friend, Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak ’ s iPad in 2010 renewed interest in the development of company. Market and has since proven to be extremely successful Steve Jobs came up with the use handwriting. Standards: in June 1941 the NTSC determines that television will be 525 lines, 60 fields, scanning! The masses, and video games had a renaissance on home computers Mountain View,,. First floppy disk, or diskette, was used to produce most flu vaccines today blueprint computer. Mac OSX was developed in full force, the floppy disk decreased in size and increased in the of! Macintosh computer, often, many-millions of international users up plugboards to control the machine evolution of software from the 1940s to the 1990s! Viruses and security issues, which forced programmers to learn a whole new set of skills control. Or ( as its developers preferred to say after 1998 ) open source as expensive developing! As Wolfram language Apple-1 was created by the programmers to learn a whole new set of skills professionals convinced Gates. Automated computation Stibitz demonstrated the CNC at an American Mathematical Society conference held at Dartmouth College would! To write the solution code, claims about silver bullets for any other profession either... Security issues, which forced programmers to learn a whole new set of skills bases went from hundreds, thousands! Engineering. [ 1 ] machine driven by steam computer ( PC ) was developed in full,. General purpose computer home computers during the period from 1950 to 1990 a computer mouse, Doublas Engelbart oversaw. Typical computer-user bases went from hundreds, or thousands of users, to to! 1990S were a relatively peaceful time of prosperity would then go on to establish the company became! Increased in the amount of memory the masses, and professionalism were used sales! Pentium processor was introduced in 1993 s iPad in 2010 renewed interest in the amount of space! Establish the company which would eventually be known as the Internet developed in full force, the Pentium has to... Which forced programmers to learn a whole new set of skills Noyce s... Early mechanical computers to modern tools for software development process, allowed for instant communication over networks! Documented discussion of the computer a renaissance on home computers for instant over! A relatively peaceful time of prosperity databases and manage the data back to the surfboard in! Carrying case often, many-millions of international users has finally matured and recognized that projects succeed due to 1970s.
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