The compass direction of the fold or of the rock layers exposed at the surface along the fold is called the strike; Faults. While the mineralogy and rock fabric may favor brittle or ductile behavior, the most important variables are the temperature and pressure at … This PowerPoint is one small part of the Geology Topics unit from www.sciencepowerpoint.com. This can occur in any direction with the blocks moving away from each other. Different processes can deform rocks, the deformation is almost always the result of stress.This stress leads to the formation of fault and fold structures, both can either extend or shorten of the Earth's crust. There is an interactive map application to view the faults online and a separate database search function. Thick-skinned deformation specifically affects deep crystalline rock of the basement and may extend deeper into the lower crust. The theory of the formation of fold mountains is believed to be result of the destructive plate margin. Faults form in rocks when the stresses overcome the internal strength of the rock resulting in a fracture. Orogeny encompasses all aspects of mountain formation including plate tectonics, terrane accretion, regional metamorphism, thrusting, folding, faulting, and igneous intrusions. formation of folds versus the formation of faults. But notice that virtually every one of them formed in response to movement along a fault. This movement of oceanic crust downwards creates a subduction zone. Figure 10.6: Rocks that were originally deposited in horizontal layers can subsequently deform by tectonic forces into folds and faults.Folds constitute the twists and bends in rocks.Faults are planes of detachment resulting when rocks on either side of the displacement slip past one another.. How Rocks Become Deformed Faults are the result of rocks behaving in a brittle fashion, much like cold glass or hard steel. an open fold has a large angle between limbs, a tight fold has a small angle between limbs. Folds have three main parts: a fold axis (also known as the hinge line, which is the line that runs along the nose of the fold), the axial plane (an imaginary plane that contains the hinge line and generally bisects the fold), and limbs on either side of the fold axis (Figure 8.18). 1. Folds: There are lots of anticlinal and synclinal folds in this cross sections, some of them miles in dimensions. Rift Valleys Rift valleys are created along faults in some tectonic plates. The oceanic plate is orced under the continental crust deep down into the Earth’s surface. At the surface these folds would be big, prominent structures, and we might be inclined to think them primary in importance. This unit consists of a five part 6000+ slide PowerPoint roadmap, 14 page bundled homework package, modified homework, detailed answer keys, 12 pages of unit notes for students who may require assistance, follow along worksheets, and many review games. An online map of United States Quaternary faults (faults that have been active in the last 1.6 million years) is available via the Quaternary Fault and Fold Database . Faults: a fault is a break in the lithosphere along which movement has occurred; The part of the fault above the fault plane is called the hanging wall and the part below is called the footwall. Orogenesis Orogenesis is the thickening of the continental crust and the building of mountains over millions of years. Figure 10l-7: Recumbent fold. If the limbs dip at different angles, the folds are said to be asymmetrical folds. They are easily visualized by the loss of horizontality of the strata. 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